Monthly Archives: December 2016

Microservice using AWS API Gateway, AWS Lambda and Couchbase

December 31, 2016couchbaseamazon, apigateway, aws, couchbase, ec2, lambda, serverlessarungupta

This blog has explained the following concepts for serverless applications so far:

Serverless FaaS with AWS Lambda and Java
AWS IoT Button, Lambda and Couchbase

The third blog in serverless series will explain how to create a simple microservice using Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda and Couchbase.

Read previous blogs for more context on AWS Lambda.

Amazon API Gateway is a fully managed service that makes it easy for developers to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale. Amazon API Gateway handles all the tasks involved in accepting and processing up to hundreds of thousands of concurrent API calls, including traffic management, authorization and access control, monitoring, and API version management.

Here are the key components in this architecture:

Client could be curl, AWS CLI, Postman client or any other tool/API that can invoke a REST endpoint.
API Gateway is used to provision APIs. The top level resource is available at path /books. HTTP GET and POST methods are published for the resource.
Each API triggers a Lambda function. Two Lambda functions are created, book-list function for listing all the books available and book-create function to create a new book.
Couchbase is used as a persistence store in EC2. All the JSON documents are stored and retrieved from this database.

Let’s get started!

Create IAM Role

IAM roles will have policies and trust relationships that will allow this role to be used in API Gateway and execute Lambda function.

Let’s create a new IAM role:

aws iam create-role \
--role-name microserviceRole \
--assume-role-policy-document file://./trust.json

aws iam create-role \

--role-name microserviceRole \

--assume-role-policy-document file://./trust.json

--assume-role-policy-document defines the trust relationship policy document that grants an entity permission to assume the role. trust.json is at github.com/arun-gupta/serverless/blob/master/aws/microservice/trust.json and looks like:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": [
          "lambda.amazonaws.com",
          "apigateway.amazonaws.com"
        ]
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}

{

"Version": "2012-10-17",

"Statement": [

{

"Sid": "",

"Effect": "Allow",

"Principal": {

"Service": [

"lambda.amazonaws.com",

"apigateway.amazonaws.com"

]

"Action": "sts:AssumeRole"

}

]

}

This trust relationship allows Lambda functions and API Gateway to assume this role during execution.

Associate policies with this role as:

aws iam put-role-policy \
--role-name microserviceRole \
--policy-name microPolicy \
--policy-document file://./policy.json

aws iam put-role-policy \

--role-name microserviceRole \

--policy-name microPolicy \

--policy-document file://./policy.json

policy.json is at github.com/arun-gupta/serverless/blob/master/aws/microservice/policy.json and looks like:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "logs:*"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:*:*:*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "apigateway:*"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:apigateway:*::/*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "execute-api:Invoke"
      ],
      "Resource": "arn:aws:execute-api:*:*:*"
    },
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
          "lambda:*"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

{

"Version": "2012-10-17",

"Statement": [

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"logs:*"

"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:*:*:*"

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"apigateway:*"

"Resource": "arn:aws:apigateway:*::/*"

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"execute-api:Invoke"

"Resource": "arn:aws:execute-api:*:*:*"

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"lambda:*"

"Resource": "*"

}

]

}

This generous policy allows any permissions over logs generated in CloudWatch for all resources. In addition it allows all Lambda and API Gateway permissions to all resources. In general, only required policy would be given to specific resources.

Create Lambda Functions

Detailed steps to create Lambda functions are explained in Serverless FaaS with AWS Lambda and Java. Let’s create the two Lambda functions as required in our case:

aws lambda create-function \
--function-name MicroserviceGetAll \
--role arn:aws:iam::598307997273:role/microserviceRole \
--handler org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.BucketGetAll \
--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/microservice/microservice-http-endpoint/target/microservice-http-endpoint-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \
--description "Microservice HTTP Endpoint - Get All" \
--runtime java8 \
--region us-west-1 \
--timeout 30 \
--memory-size 1024 \
--environment Variables={COUCHBASE_HOST=ec2-52-53-193-176.us-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com} \
--publish

aws lambda create-function \

--function-name MicroserviceGetAll \

--role arn:aws:iam::598307997273:role/microserviceRole \

--handler org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.BucketGetAll \

--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/microservice/microservice-http-endpoint/target/microservice-http-endpoint-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \

--description "Microservice HTTP Endpoint - Get All" \

--runtime java8 \

--region us-west-1 \

--timeout 30 \

--memory-size 1024 \

--environment Variables={COUCHBASE_HOST=ec2-52-53-193-176.us-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com} \

--publish

Couple of key items to note in this function are:

IAM role microserviceRole created in previous step is explicitly specified here
Handler is org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.BucketGetAll class. This class queries the Couchbase database defined using the COUCHBASE_HOST environment variable.

Create the second Lambda function:

aws lambda create-function \
--function-name MicroservicePost \
--role arn:aws:iam::598307997273:role/microserviceRole \
--handler org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.BucketPost \
--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/microservice/microservice-http-endpoint/target/microservice-http-endpoint-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \
--description "Microservice HTTP Endpoint - Post" \
--runtime java8 \
--region us-west-1 \
--timeout 30 \
--memory-size 1024 \
--environment Variables={COUCHBASE_HOST=ec2-52-53-193-176.us-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com} \
--publish

aws lambda create-function \

--function-name MicroservicePost \

--role arn:aws:iam::598307997273:role/microserviceRole \

--handler org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.BucketPost \

--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/microservice/microservice-http-endpoint/target/microservice-http-endpoint-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \

--description "Microservice HTTP Endpoint - Post" \

--runtime java8 \

--region us-west-1 \

--timeout 30 \

--memory-size 1024 \

--environment Variables={COUCHBASE_HOST=ec2-52-53-193-176.us-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com} \

--publish

The handler for this function is org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.BucketPost class. This class creates a new JSON document in the Couchbase database identified by COUCHBASE_HOST environment variable.

The complete source code for these classes is at github.com/arun-gupta/serverless/tree/master/aws/microservice/microservice-http-endpoint.

API Gateway Resource

Create an API using Amazon API Gateway and Test It and Build an API to Expose a Lambda Function provide detailed steps and explanation on how to use API Gateway and Lambda Functions to build powerful backend systems. This blog will do a quick run down of the steps in case you want to cut the chase.

Let’s create API Gateway resources.

The first step is to create an API:

aws apigateway \
create-rest-api \
--name Book

aws apigateway \

create-rest-api \

--name Book

This shows the output as:

{
    "name": "Book", 
    "id": "lb2qgujjif", 
    "createdDate": 1482998945
}

{

"name": "Book",

"id": "lb2qgujjif",

"createdDate": 1482998945

}

The value of id attribute is API ID. In our case, this is lb2qgujjif.

Find ROOT ID of the created API as this is required for the next AWS CLI invocation:

aws apigateway get-resources --rest-api-id lb2qgujjif

aws apigateway get-resources --rest-api-id lb2qgujjif

This shows the output:

{
    "items": [
        {
            "path": "/", 
            "id": "hgxogdkheg"
        }
    ]
}

{

"items": [

{

"path": "/",

"id": "hgxogdkheg"

}

]

}

Value of id attribute is ROOT ID. This is also the PARENT ID for the top level resource.

Create a resource

aws apigateway create-resource \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--parent-id hgxogdkheg \
--path-part books

aws apigateway create-resource \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--parent-id hgxogdkheg \

--path-part books

This shows the output:

{
    "path": "/books", 
    "pathPart": "books", 
    "id": "vrpkod", 
    "parentId": "hgxogdkheg"
}

{

"path": "/books",

"pathPart": "books",

"id": "vrpkod",

"parentId": "hgxogdkheg"

}

Value of id attribute is RESOURCE ID.

API ID and RESOURCE ID are used for subsequent AWS CLI invocations.

API Gateway POST Method

Now that the resource is created, let’s create HTTP POST method on this resource.

Create a POST method

aws apigateway put-method \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method POST \
--authorization-type NONE

aws apigateway put-method \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method POST \

--authorization-type NONE

to see the response:

{
    "apiKeyRequired": false, 
    "httpMethod": "POST", 
    "authorizationType": "NONE"
}

{

"apiKeyRequired": false,

"httpMethod": "POST",

"authorizationType": "NONE"

}

Set Lambda function as destination of the POST method:

aws apigateway put-integration \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method POST \
--type AWS \
--integration-http-method POST \
--uri arn:aws:apigateway:us-west-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:<act-id>:function:MicroservicePost/invocations

aws apigateway put-integration \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method POST \

--type AWS \

--integration-http-method POST \

--uri arn:aws:apigateway:us-west-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:<act-id>:function:MicroservicePost/invocations

Make sure to replace <act-id> with your AWS account id. API ID and RESOURCE ID from previous section are used here as well. --uri is used to specify the URI of integration input. The format of the URI is fixed. This CLI will show the result as:

{
    "httpMethod": "POST", 
    "passthroughBehavior": "WHEN_NO_MATCH", 
    "cacheKeyParameters": [], 
    "type": "AWS", 
    "uri": "arn:aws:apigateway:us-west-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:<act-id>:function:MicroservicePost/invocations", 
    "cacheNamespace": "vrpkod"
}

{

"httpMethod": "POST",

"passthroughBehavior": "WHEN_NO_MATCH",

"cacheKeyParameters": [],

"type": "AWS",

"uri": "arn:aws:apigateway:us-west-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:<act-id>:function:MicroservicePost/invocations",

"cacheNamespace": "vrpkod"

}

Set content-type of POST method response:

aws apigateway put-method-response \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method POST \
--status-code 200 \
--response-models "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

aws apigateway put-method-response \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method POST \

--status-code 200 \

--response-models "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

to see the response:

{
    "responseModels": {
        "application/json": "Empty"
    }, 
    "statusCode": "200"
}

{

"responseModels": {

"application/json": "Empty"

"statusCode": "200"

}

Set content-type of POST method integration response:

aws apigateway put-integration-response \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method POST \
--status-code 200 \
--response-templates "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

aws apigateway put-integration-response \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method POST \

--status-code 200 \

--response-templates "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

to see the response:

{
    "statusCode": "200", 
    "responseTemplates": {
        "application/json": "Empty"
    }
}

{

"statusCode": "200",

"responseTemplates": {

"application/json": "Empty"

}

Deploy the API

aws apigateway create-deployment \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--stage-name test

aws apigateway create-deployment \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--stage-name test

to see the response

{
    "id": "9wi991", 
    "createdDate": 1482999187
}

{

"id": "9wi991",

"createdDate": 1482999187

}

Grant permission to allow API Gateway to invoke Lambda Function:

aws lambda add-permission \
--function-name MicroservicePost \
--statement-id apigateway-test-post-1 \
--action lambda:InvokeFunction \
--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \
--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:<act-id>:lb2qgujjif/*/POST/books"

aws lambda add-permission \

--function-name MicroservicePost \

--statement-id apigateway-test-post-1 \

--action lambda:InvokeFunction \

--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \

--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:<act-id>:lb2qgujjif/*/POST/books"

Also, grant permission to the deployed API:

aws lambda add-permission \
--function-name MicroservicePost \
--statement-id apigateway-test-post-2 \
--action lambda:InvokeFunction \
--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \
--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:<act-id>:lb2qgujjif/test/GET/books"

aws lambda add-permission \

--function-name MicroservicePost \

--statement-id apigateway-test-post-2 \

--action lambda:InvokeFunction \

--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \

--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:<act-id>:lb2qgujjif/test/GET/books"

Test the API method:

aws apigateway test-invoke-method \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method POST \
--path-with-query-string "" \
--body "{\"id\": \"1\", \"bookname\": \"test book\", \"isbn\": \"123\", \"cost\": \"1.23\"}"

aws apigateway test-invoke-method \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method POST \

--path-with-query-string "" \

--body "{\"id\": \"1\", \"bookname\": \"test book\", \"isbn\": \"123\", \"cost\": \"1.23\"}"

to see the response:

{
    "status": 200, 
    "body": "Empty", 
    "log": "Execution log for request test-request\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Starting execution for request: test-invoke-request\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : HTTP Method: POST, Resource Path: /books\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request path: {}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request query string: {}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request headers: {}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request body before transformations: {\"id\": \"1\", \"bookname\": \"test book\", \"isbn\": \"123\", \"cost\": \"1.23\"}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request URI: https://lambda.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:598307997273:function:MicroservicePost/invocations\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request headers: {x-amzn-lambda-integration-tag=test-request, Authorization=****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************c8bb85, X-Amz-Date=20161229T081605Z, x-amzn-apigateway-api-id=lb2qgujjif, X-Amz-Source-Arn=arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/null/POST/books, Accept=application/json, User-Agent=AmazonAPIGateway_lb2qgujjif, Host=lambda.us-west-1.amazonaws.com, X-Amz-Content-Sha256=559d0296d96ec5647eef6381602fe5e7f55dd17065864fafb4f581d106aa92f4, X-Amzn-Trace-Id=Root=1-5864c645-8494974a41a3a16c8d2f9929, Content-Type=application/json}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request body after transformations: {\"id\": \"1\", \"bookname\": \"test book\", \"isbn\": \"123\", \"cost\": \"1.23\"}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response body before transformations: \"{\\\"cost\\\":\\\"1.23\\\",\\\"id\\\":\\\"1\\\",\\\"bookname\\\":\\\"test book\\\",\\\"isbn\\\":\\\"123\\\"}\"\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response headers: {x-amzn-Remapped-Content-Length=0, x-amzn-RequestId=0b25323b-cd9f-11e6-8bd4-292925ba63a9, Connection=keep-alive, Content-Length=78, Date=Thu, 29 Dec 2016 08:16:10 GMT, Content-Type=application/json}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Method response body after transformations: Empty\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Method response headers: {X-Amzn-Trace-Id=Root=1-5864c645-8494974a41a3a16c8d2f9929, Content-Type=application/json}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Successfully completed execution\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Method completed with status: 200\n", 
    "latency": 5091, 
    "headers": {
        "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-5864c645-8494974a41a3a16c8d2f9929", 
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
}

{

"status": 200,

"body": "Empty",

"log": "Execution log for request test-request\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Starting execution for request: test-invoke-request\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : HTTP Method: POST, Resource Path: /books\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request path: {}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request query string: {}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request headers: {}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Method request body before transformations: {\"id\": \"1\", \"bookname\": \"test book\", \"isbn\": \"123\", \"cost\": \"1.23\"}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request URI: https://lambda.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:598307997273:function:MicroservicePost/invocations\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request headers: {x-amzn-lambda-integration-tag=test-request, Authorization=****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************c8bb85, X-Amz-Date=20161229T081605Z, x-amzn-apigateway-api-id=lb2qgujjif, X-Amz-Source-Arn=arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/null/POST/books, Accept=application/json, User-Agent=AmazonAPIGateway_lb2qgujjif, Host=lambda.us-west-1.amazonaws.com, X-Amz-Content-Sha256=559d0296d96ec5647eef6381602fe5e7f55dd17065864fafb4f581d106aa92f4, X-Amzn-Trace-Id=Root=1-5864c645-8494974a41a3a16c8d2f9929, Content-Type=application/json}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:05 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request body after transformations: {\"id\": \"1\", \"bookname\": \"test book\", \"isbn\": \"123\", \"cost\": \"1.23\"}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response body before transformations: \"{\\\"cost\\\":\\\"1.23\\\",\\\"id\\\":\\\"1\\\",\\\"bookname\\\":\\\"test book\\\",\\\"isbn\\\":\\\"123\\\"}\"\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response headers: {x-amzn-Remapped-Content-Length=0, x-amzn-RequestId=0b25323b-cd9f-11e6-8bd4-292925ba63a9, Connection=keep-alive, Content-Length=78, Date=Thu, 29 Dec 2016 08:16:10 GMT, Content-Type=application/json}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Method response body after transformations: Empty\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Method response headers: {X-Amzn-Trace-Id=Root=1-5864c645-8494974a41a3a16c8d2f9929, Content-Type=application/json}\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Successfully completed execution\nThu Dec 29 08:16:10 UTC 2016 : Method completed with status: 200\n",

"latency": 5091,

"headers": {

"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-5864c645-8494974a41a3a16c8d2f9929",

"Content-Type": "application/json"

}

Value of status attribute is 200 and indicates this was a successful invocation. Value of log attribute shows the log statement from CloudWatch Logs. Detailed logs can also be obtained using aws logs filter-log-events --log-group /aws/lambda/MicroservicePost.

This command stores a single JSON document in Couchbase. This can be easily verified using the Couchbase CLI Tool cbq.Connect to the Couchbase server as:

cbq -u Administrator -p password -e="http://<COUCHBASE_HOST>:8091"

cbq -u Administrator -p password -e="http://<COUCHBASE_HOST>:8091"

Create a primary index on default bucket as this is required to query the bucket with no clauses:

cbq> create primary index default_index on default;
{
    "requestID": "13b539f9-7fff-4386-92f4-cea161a7aa08",
    "signature": null,
    "results": [
    ],
    "status": "success",
    "metrics": {
        "elapsedTime": "1.917009047s",
        "executionTime": "1.916970061s",
        "resultCount": 0,
        "resultSize": 0
    }
}

cbq> create primary index default_index on default;

{

"requestID": "13b539f9-7fff-4386-92f4-cea161a7aa08",

"signature": null,

"results": [

"status": "success",

"metrics": {

"elapsedTime": "1.917009047s",

"executionTime": "1.916970061s",

"resultCount": 0,

"resultSize": 0

}

Write a N1QL query to access the data:

cbq> select * from default limit 10;
{
    "requestID": "d7b1c3f9-6b4e-4952-9a1e-9faf5169926e",
    "signature": {
        "*": "*"
    },
    "results": [
        {
            "default": {
                "bookname": "test",
                "cost": "1.23",
                "id": "1",
                "isbn": "123"
            }
        }
    ],
    "status": "success",
    "metrics": {
        "elapsedTime": "24.337755ms",
        "executionTime": "24.289796ms",
        "resultCount": 1,
        "resultSize": 175
    }
}

cbq> select * from default limit 10;

{

"requestID": "d7b1c3f9-6b4e-4952-9a1e-9faf5169926e",

"signature": {

"*": "*"

"results": [

{

"default": {

"bookname": "test",

"cost": "1.23",

"id": "1",

"isbn": "123"

}

"status": "success",

"metrics": {

"elapsedTime": "24.337755ms",

"executionTime": "24.289796ms",

"resultCount": 1,

"resultSize": 175

}

The results show the JSON document that was stored by our Lambda function.

API Gateway GET Method

Let’s create HTTP GET method on the resource:

Create a GET method:

aws apigateway put-method \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method GET \
--authorization-type NONE

aws apigateway put-method \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method GET \

--authorization-type NONE

Set correct Lambda function as destination of GET:

aws apigateway put-integration \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method GET \
--type AWS \
--integration-http-method POST \
--uri arn:aws:apigateway:us-west-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:598307997273:function:MicroserviceGetAll/invocations

aws apigateway put-integration \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method GET \

--type AWS \

--integration-http-method POST \

--uri arn:aws:apigateway:us-west-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:598307997273:function:MicroserviceGetAll/invocations

Set content-type of GET method response:

aws apigateway put-method-response \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method GET \
--status-code 200 \
--response-models "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

aws apigateway put-method-response \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method GET \

--status-code 200 \

--response-models "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

Set content-type of GET method integration response:

aws apigateway put-integration-response \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method GET \
--status-code 200 \
--response-templates "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

aws apigateway put-integration-response \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method GET \

--status-code 200 \

--response-templates "{\"application/json\": \"Empty\"}"

Grant permission to allow API Gateway to invoke Lambda Function

aws lambda add-permission \
--function-name MicroserviceGetAll \
--statement-id apigateway-test-getall-1 \
--action lambda:InvokeFunction \
--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \
--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/*/GET/books"

aws lambda add-permission \

--function-name MicroserviceGetAll \

--statement-id apigateway-test-getall-1 \

--action lambda:InvokeFunction \

--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \

--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/*/GET/books"

Grant permission to the deployed API:

aws lambda add-permission \
--function-name MicroserviceGetAll \
--statement-id apigateway-test-getall-2 \
--action lambda:InvokeFunction \
--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \
--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/test/GET/books"

aws lambda add-permission \

--function-name MicroserviceGetAll \

--statement-id apigateway-test-getall-2 \

--action lambda:InvokeFunction \

--principal apigateway.amazonaws.com \

--source-arn "arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/test/GET/books"

Test the method:

aws apigateway test-invoke-method \
--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \
--resource-id vrpkod \
--http-method GET

aws apigateway test-invoke-method \

--rest-api-id lb2qgujjif \

--resource-id vrpkod \

--http-method GET

to see the output:

{
    "status": 200, 
    "body": "Empty", 
    "log": "Execution log for request test-request\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Starting execution for request: test-invoke-request\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : HTTP Method: GET, Resource Path: /books\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request path: {}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request query string: {}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request headers: {}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request body before transformations: \nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request URI: https://lambda.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:598307997273:function:MicroserviceGetAll/invocations\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request headers: {x-amzn-lambda-integration-tag=test-request, Authorization=******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************6de147, X-Amz-Date=20161231T090748Z, x-amzn-apigateway-api-id=lb2qgujjif, X-Amz-Source-Arn=arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/null/GET/books, Accept=application/json, User-Agent=AmazonAPIGateway_lb2qgujjif, X-Amz-Security-Token=FQoDYXdzEHEaDEILpsKTo45Ys1LrFCK3A+KOe5HXOSP3GfVAaRYHe1pDUJGHL9MtkFiPjORLFT+UCKjRqE7UFaGscTVG6PZXTuSyQev4XTyROfPylCrtDomGsoZF/iwy4rlJQIJ7elBceyeKu1OVdaT1A99PVeliaCAiDL6Veo1viWOnP+7c72nAaJ5jnyF/nHl/OLhFdFv4t/hnx3JePMk5YM89/6ofxUEVDNfzXxbZHRpTrG/4TPHwjPdoR5i9dEzWMU6Eo5xD4ldQ/m5B3RmrwpaPOuEq39LhJ8k/Vzo+pAfgJTq5ssbNwYOgh0RPSGVNMcoTkCwk0EMMT5vDbmQqZ2dW1a1tmQg9N2xR+QQy+RKMFgO5YY8fMxHnRSdMuuipxl79G1pktc [TRUNCATED]\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request body after transformations: \nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response body before transformations: \"[{\\\"default\\\":{\\\"cost\\\":\\\"1.23\\\",\\\"id\\\":\\\"1\\\",\\\"bookname\\\":\\\"test book\\\",\\\"isbn\\\":\\\"123\\\"}}]\"\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response headers: {x-amzn-Remapped-Content-Length=0, x-amzn-RequestId=99ab09b2-cf38-11e6-996f-f5f07af431af, Connection=keep-alive, Content-Length=94, Date=Sat, 31 Dec 2016 09:07:52 GMT, Content-Type=application/json}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Method response body after transformations: Empty\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Method response headers: {X-Amzn-Trace-Id=Root=1-58677564-66f1e96642b16d2db703126e, Content-Type=application/json}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Successfully completed execution\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Method completed with status: 200\n", 
    "latency": 4744, 
    "headers": {
        "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-58677564-66f1e96642b16d2db703126e", 
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
}

{

"status": 200,

"body": "Empty",

"log": "Execution log for request test-request\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Starting execution for request: test-invoke-request\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : HTTP Method: GET, Resource Path: /books\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request path: {}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request query string: {}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request headers: {}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Method request body before transformations: \nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request URI: https://lambda.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-west-1:598307997273:function:MicroserviceGetAll/invocations\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request headers: {x-amzn-lambda-integration-tag=test-request, Authorization=******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************6de147, X-Amz-Date=20161231T090748Z, x-amzn-apigateway-api-id=lb2qgujjif, X-Amz-Source-Arn=arn:aws:execute-api:us-west-1:598307997273:lb2qgujjif/null/GET/books, Accept=application/json, User-Agent=AmazonAPIGateway_lb2qgujjif, X-Amz-Security-Token=FQoDYXdzEHEaDEILpsKTo45Ys1LrFCK3A+KOe5HXOSP3GfVAaRYHe1pDUJGHL9MtkFiPjORLFT+UCKjRqE7UFaGscTVG6PZXTuSyQev4XTyROfPylCrtDomGsoZF/iwy4rlJQIJ7elBceyeKu1OVdaT1A99PVeliaCAiDL6Veo1viWOnP+7c72nAaJ5jnyF/nHl/OLhFdFv4t/hnx3JePMk5YM89/6ofxUEVDNfzXxbZHRpTrG/4TPHwjPdoR5i9dEzWMU6Eo5xD4ldQ/m5B3RmrwpaPOuEq39LhJ8k/Vzo+pAfgJTq5ssbNwYOgh0RPSGVNMcoTkCwk0EMMT5vDbmQqZ2dW1a1tmQg9N2xR+QQy+RKMFgO5YY8fMxHnRSdMuuipxl79G1pktc [TRUNCATED]\nSat Dec 31 09:07:48 UTC 2016 : Endpoint request body after transformations: \nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response body before transformations: \"[{\\\"default\\\":{\\\"cost\\\":\\\"1.23\\\",\\\"id\\\":\\\"1\\\",\\\"bookname\\\":\\\"test book\\\",\\\"isbn\\\":\\\"123\\\"}}]\"\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Endpoint response headers: {x-amzn-Remapped-Content-Length=0, x-amzn-RequestId=99ab09b2-cf38-11e6-996f-f5f07af431af, Connection=keep-alive, Content-Length=94, Date=Sat, 31 Dec 2016 09:07:52 GMT, Content-Type=application/json}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Method response body after transformations: Empty\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Method response headers: {X-Amzn-Trace-Id=Root=1-58677564-66f1e96642b16d2db703126e, Content-Type=application/json}\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Successfully completed execution\nSat Dec 31 09:07:53 UTC 2016 : Method completed with status: 200\n",

"latency": 4744,

"headers": {

"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-58677564-66f1e96642b16d2db703126e",

"Content-Type": "application/json"

}

Once again, 200 status code shows a successful invocation. Detailed logs can be obtained using aws logs filter-log-events --log-group /aws/lambda/MicroservicePost.

This blog only shows one simple POST and GET methods. Other HTTP methods can be very easily included in this microservice as well.

API Gateway and Lambda References

Serverless Architectures
AWS API Gateway
Creating a simple Microservice using Lambda and API Gateway
Couchbase Server Docs
Couchbase Forums
Follow us at @couchbasedev

Source: blog.couchbase.com/2016/december/microservice-aws-api-gateway-lambda-couchbase

AWS IoT Button, Lambda and Couchbase

December 25, 2016couchbase, techtipamazon, aws, couchbase, iotarungupta

Getting Started with Serverless FaaS and AWS Lambda shows how to use a simple Java function to store a JSON document to Couchbase using AWS Lambda. This blog builds upon that and shows how an AWS IoT Button can be used as a trigger for that Lambda function.

By end of this blog, you’ll learn:

How to configure AWS IoT Button
Use IoT Button as trigger for Lambda Function
Test IoT button

The overall flow will be:

serverless-iot-couchbase

Iot button click will invoke HelloCouchbaseLambda Lambda function. This function is uses Couchbase Java SDK to create a JSON document in Couchbase.

This blog is also playing catch up with Collecting iBeacon Data with Couchbase and Raspberry Pi IoT Devices by Nic and The CouchCase by Matthew on their summer projects. One last blog will be published in this series. That will show how multiple AWS IoT buttons can be used for some fun.

Let’s get started!

Configure IoT Button

The fastest way to configure IoT button is using the mobile app for iOS or Android.

More details about configuring IoT Button using mobile app.

Here are some snapshots from configuring button using the mobile app.

Bring up the app, click on + to start configuring a new button:

Enter button’s serial number:

Configure the button with wifi network:

Upload all the certificates etc:

After this, the button is configured and ready to use. This blog skipped the part where a template Lambda Function is associated with the button click.

If mobile app cannot be used then the button can be configured manually.

Use IoT Button as Trigger for Lambda Function

The aws lambda create-event-source-mapping CLI allows to create an event source for Lambda function. As of AWS CLI version 1.11.21, only Amazon Kinesis stream or an Amazon DynamoDB stream can be used. But for this blog, we’ll use IoT button as a trigger. And this has to be configured using AWS Lambda Console.

IoT Button is only supported in a limited number of regions. For example, it is not supported in the us-west-1 region but us-west-2 region works.

The list of regions not supported are greyed out in the following list:

Lambda Function can be triggered by several events. Lambda Function is invoked when any of these events occur. By default, no triggers are associated with a Lambda Function. For our HelloCouchbaseLambda function, these can be seen at us-west-2.console.aws.amazon.com/lambda/home?region=us-west-2#/functions/HelloCouchbaseLambda?tab=triggers.

Click on Add trigger to add a new trigger:

Select on the empty square to create a new trigger, and select AWS IoT:

For the button previously registered, get the serial number from us-west-2.console.aws.amazon.com/iotv2/home?region=us-west-2#/thinghub:

Specify the serial number of the button in the AWS IoT trigger:

Click on Submit to create the trigger:

And this confirms that the trigger has been added.

Test IoT Button

Before testing the button, let’s login to the Couchbase instance and verify the number of JSON documents in the bucket:

This can be verified at http://<EC2-IP-Address>:8091/index.html#sec=buckets. As expected, no documents exists in the bucket.

Press the button once, and refresh the page. It shows that one document is now stored in the bucket. This is verified in the Couchbase Web Console:

Click on Documents to see the complete list of documents:

Click on the document ID to see more details about the document:

Only timestamp is stored in this JSON document.

Now, let’s update HelloCouchbaseLambda code to include request id in the document as well. This can be achieved by adding the following line of code in the Java class:

buttonDocument.setRequestId(context.getAwsRequestId());

buttonDocument.setRequestId(context.getAwsRequestId());

A new deployment package can be built and uploaded using the following command:

mvn clean package; 
aws lambda update-function-code \
--function-name HelloCouchbaseLambda \
--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \
--region us-west-2 \
--publish

mvn clean package;

aws lambda update-function-code \

--function-name HelloCouchbaseLambda \

--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \

--region us-west-2 \

--publish

Now clicking the button will update the number of documents. But the updated document will have an additional attribute populated as shown:

How are you going to take AWS IoT button and use it with Lambda and Couchbase? Let us know at Couchbase Forums.

References

AWS IoT Button
AWS IoT Button Developer Guide
Couchbase Server Docs
Couchbase Forums
Follow us at @couchbasedev

Source: https://blog.couchbase.com/2016/december/aws-iot-button-lambda-couchbase

Serverless FaaS with AWS Lambda and Java

December 24, 2016couchbase, techtipamazon, lambda, serverlessarungupta

What is Serverless Architecture?

Serverless architecture runs custom code in ephemeral containers that are fully managed by a 3rd party. The custom code is typically a small part of a complete application. It is also called as function. This gives another name for serverless architecture as Function as a Service (FaaS). The container is ephemeral because it may only last for one invocation. The container may be reused but that’s not something you can rely upon. As a developer, you upload the code to FaaS platform, the service then handles all the capacity, scaling, patching and administration of the infrastructure to run your code.

An application built using Serverless Architecture follows the event-driven approach. For example, an activity happened in the application such as a click. This is

This is very different from a classical architecture where the application code is typically deployed in an application server such as Tomcat or WildFly. Scaling your application means starting additional instances of the application server or spinning up additional containers with the packaged application server. The Load Balancer need to be updated with the new IP addresses. Operating system need to be patched, upgraded and maintained.

Serverless Architectures explain the difference between the classical programming model and this new serverless architecture.

FaaS platform takes your application is divided into multiple functions. Each function is deployed in FaaS. The service spins up additional compute instances to meet the scalability demands of your application. FaaS platform provides the execution environment and takes care of starting and tearing down the containers to run your function.

Read Serverless Architectures for more details about these images.

One of the big advantages of FaaS is that you are only charged for the compute time, i.e. the time your code is running. There is no charge when your code is not running.

Another way to look at how Functions are different from VMs and Containers:

Note that Linux containers instead of Docker containers are used as an implementation for AWS Lambda.

How is FaaS different from PaaS?

As quoted at Serverless Architectures, a quick answer is provided by the following tweet:

If your PaaS can efficiently start instances in 20ms that run for half a second, then call it serverless. https://t.co/S3YzvqFYLR

— adrian cockcroft (@adrianco) May 28, 2016

In other words most PaaS applications are not geared towards bringing entire applications up and down for every request, whereas FaaS platforms do exactly this.

Abstracting the Back-end with FaaS explain the difference with different *aaS offerings. The image from the blog is captured below:

faas

Serverless Architectures also provide great details about what FaaS is and is not.

AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions and Azure Functions are some of the options for running serverless applications.

This blog will show how to write your first AWS Lambda function.

What is AWS Lambda?

AWS Lambda is FaaS service from Amazon Web Services. It runs your code on a high-availability compute infrastructure and performs all of the administration of the compute resources, including server and operating system maintenance, capacity provisioning and automatic scaling, code monitoring and logging.

AWS Lambda charges you for the duration your code runs in increments of 100ms. There is no cost associated with storing the Lambda function in AWS. First million requests per month are free and the pricing after that is nominal. Read more details on Lambda pricing. It also provides visibility into performance by providing real time metrics and logs to AWS CloudWatch. All you need to do is write the code!

Here is a quick introduction:

Also check out What’s New in AWS Lambda from AWS ReInvent 2016:

Also checkout Serverless Architectural Patterns and Best Practices from AWS ReInvent 2016:

The code you run on AWS Lambda is called a Lambda Function. You upload your code as a zip file or design it using the AWS Lambda Management Console. There is a built-in support for AWS SDK and this simplifies the ability to call other AWS services.

In short, Lambda is scalable, serverless, compute in the cloud.

AWS Lambda provides several execution environments:

Node.js – v0.10.36, v4.3.2 (recommended)
Java – Java 8
Python – Python 2.7
.NET Core – .NET Core 1.0.1 (C#)

This blog will show:

Build a Java application that stores a JSON document to Couchbase
Use Maven to create a deployment package for Java application
Create a Lambda Function
Update the Lambda Function

The complete code in this blog is available at github.com/arun-gupta/serverless/tree/master/aws/hellocouchbase.

Java Application for AWS Lambda

First, lets look at a Java application that will be used for this Lambda function. Programming Model for Lambda Functions in Java provide more details about how to write your Lambda function code in Java.

Our Lambda function will implemented the pre-defined interface com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.RequestHandler. The code looks like:

public class HelloCouchbase implements RequestHandler<Request, String> {

    CouchbaseCluster cluster;
    Bucket bucket;
    LambdaLogger logger;

    @Override
    public String handleRequest(Request request, Context context) {
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
        String timestamp = dateFormat.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());

        logger = context.getLogger();
        logger.log("Request received: %s" + timestamp);
        ButtonDocument buttonDocument = new ButtonDocument();
        buttonDocument.setId(context.getAwsRequestId());
        buttonDocument.setRequestId(context.getAwsRequestId());
        buttonDocument.setTimestamp(String.valueOf(timestamp));
        
        getBucket().upsert(buttonDocument.toJson());

        return buttonDocument.toString();
    }

public class HelloCouchbase implements RequestHandler<Request, String> {

CouchbaseCluster cluster;

Bucket bucket;

LambdaLogger logger;

@Override

public String handleRequest(Request request, Context context) {

SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");

String timestamp = dateFormat.format(Calendar.getInstance().getTime());

logger = context.getLogger();

logger.log("Request received: %s" + timestamp);

ButtonDocument buttonDocument = new ButtonDocument();

buttonDocument.setId(context.getAwsRequestId());

buttonDocument.setRequestId(context.getAwsRequestId());

buttonDocument.setTimestamp(String.valueOf(timestamp));

getBucket().upsert(buttonDocument.toJson());

return buttonDocument.toString();

}

handleRequest method is where the function code is implemented. Context provides useful information about Lambda execution environment. Some of the information from the context is stored a JSON document. Finally, Couchbase Java SDK API upsert is used to write a JSON document to the identified Couchbase instance. Couchbase on Amazon EC2 provide complete instructions to install Couchbase on AWS EC2.

Information about the Couchbase server is obtained as:

public CouchbaseCluster getCluster() {
    if (null == cluster) {
        logger.log("env: " + System.getenv("COUCHBASE_HOST"));
        cluster = CouchbaseCluster.create(System.getenv("COUCHBASE_HOST"));
    }
    return cluster;
}

public CouchbaseCluster getCluster() {

if (null == cluster) {

logger.log("env: " + System.getenv("COUCHBASE_HOST"));

cluster = CouchbaseCluster.create(System.getenv("COUCHBASE_HOST"));

}

return cluster;

}

This is once again using Couchbase Java API CouchbaseCluster as a main entry point to the Couchbase cluster. The COUCHBASE_HOST environment variable is passed when the Lambda function is created. In our case, this would point to a single node Couchbase cluster running on AWS EC2. Environment variables were recently introduced in AWS Lambda.

Finally, you need to access bucket in the server:

public Bucket getBucket() {
    while (null == bucket) {
        logger.log("Trying to connect to the database");
        bucket = getCluster().openBucket("serverless", 2L, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.log("Thread sleep Exception: " + e.toString());
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    return bucket;
}

public Bucket getBucket() {

while (null == bucket) {

logger.log("Trying to connect to the database");

bucket = getCluster().openBucket("serverless", 2L, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

try {

Thread.sleep(3000);

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.log("Thread sleep Exception: " + e.toString());

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

return bucket;

}

The bucket name is serverless and all JSON documents are stored in this.

A simple Hello World application may be used for creating this function as well.

Create AWS Lambda Deployment Package

AWS Lambda function needs a deployment package. This package is either a .zip or .jar file that contains all the dependencies of the function. Our application is packaged using Maven, and so we’ll use a Maven plugin to create a deployment package.

The application has pom.xml with the following plugin fragment:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.3</version>
    <configuration>
        <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>

<createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>

</configuration>

<phase>package</phase>

<goals>

<goal>shade</goal>

</goals>

</execution>

</executions>

</plugin>

More details about Maven configuration are available in Creating a .jar Deployment Package Using Maven without any IDE. The maven-shade-plugin allows to create an uber-jar including all the dependencies. The shade goal is tied to the package phase. So the mvn package command will generate a single deployment jar.

Package the application using mvn package command. This will show the output:

[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ hellocouchbase ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:2.3:shade (default) @ hellocouchbase ---
[INFO] Including com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-core:jar:1.1.0 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including com.couchbase.client:java-client:jar:2.3.6 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including com.couchbase.client:core-io:jar:1.3.6 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Including io.reactivex:rxjava:jar:1.1.8 in the shaded jar.
[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.
[INFO] Replacing /Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with /Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ hellocouchbase ---

[INFO] Building jar: /Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-shade-plugin:2.3:shade (default) @ hellocouchbase ---

[INFO] Including com.amazonaws:aws-lambda-java-core:jar:1.1.0 in the shaded jar.

[INFO] Including com.couchbase.client:java-client:jar:2.3.6 in the shaded jar.

[INFO] Including com.couchbase.client:core-io:jar:1.3.6 in the shaded jar.

[INFO] Including io.reactivex:rxjava:jar:1.1.8 in the shaded jar.

[INFO] Replacing original artifact with shaded artifact.

[INFO] Replacing /Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar with /Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

The target/hello-couchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar is the shaded jar that will be deployed to AWS Lambda.

More details about creating a deployment package are at Creating a Deployment Package.

Create AWS Lambda Function

Create AWS Lambda Function using AWS CLI. The CLI command in this case looks like:

aws lambda create-function \
--function-name HelloWorld \
--role arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:role/service-role/myLambdaRole \
--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \
--handler org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.HelloCouchbaseLambda \
--description "Hello Couchbase Lambda" \
--runtime java8  \
--region us-west-2 \
--timeout 30 \
--memory-size 1024 \
--publish

aws lambda create-function \

--function-name HelloWorld \

--role arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:role/service-role/myLambdaRole \

--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \

--handler org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.HelloCouchbaseLambda \

--description "Hello Couchbase Lambda" \

--runtime java8 \

--region us-west-2 \

--timeout 30 \

--memory-size 1024 \

--publish

In this CLI:

create-function creates a Lambda function
--function-name provides the function name. The function name is case sensitive.
--role specifies Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of an IAM role that Lambda assume when it executes your function to access any other AWS resources. If you’ve executed a Lambda function using AWS Console then this role is created for you.
--zip-file points to the deployment package that was created in previous step. fileb is an AWS CLI specific protocol to indicate that the content uploaded is binary.
--handler is the Java class that is called to begin execution of the function
--publish request AWS Lambda to create the Lambda function and publish a version as an atomic operation. Otherwise multiple versions may be created and may be published at a later point.

Lambda Console shows:

Test AWS Lambda Function

Test the AWS Lambda Function using AWS CLI.

aws lambda invoke \
--function-name HelloCouchbaseLambda \
--region us-west-2 \
--payload '' \
hellocouchbase.out

aws lambda invoke \

--function-name HelloCouchbaseLambda \

--region us-west-2 \

--payload '' \

hellocouchbase.out

It shows the output as:

{
    "StatusCode": 200
}

{

"StatusCode": 200

}

The output from the command is stored in hellocouchbase.out and looks like:

"{\"id\":\"e6bbe71a-ca4f-11e6-95a7-95f2ed410493\",\"installationId\":null,\"requestId\":\"e6bbe71a-ca4f-11e6-95a7-95f2ed410493\",\"identityId\":null,\"timestamp\":\"2016-12-25 03:12:01.157\"}"

"{\"id\":\"e6bbe71a-ca4f-11e6-95a7-95f2ed410493\",\"installationId\":null,\"requestId\":\"e6bbe71a-ca4f-11e6-95a7-95f2ed410493\",\"identityId\":null,\"timestamp\":\"2016-12-25 03:12:01.157\"}"

Invoking this function stores a JSON document in Couchbase. Documents stored in Couchbase can be seen using Couchbase Web Console. The password is Administrator and password is the EC2 instance id.

All data buckets in this Couchbase instance are shown below:

Note that the serverless bucket is manually created.

Clicking on Documents shows details of different documents stored in the bucket:

Clicking on each document shows more details about the JSON document:

Lambda function can also be tested using the Console:

Update AWS Lambda Function

If the application logic changes then a new deployment package needs to be uploaded for the Lambda function. In this case, mvn package will create a deployment package and aws lambda CLI command is used to update the function code:

aws lambda update-function-code \
--function-name HelloCouchbaseLambda \
--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \
--region us-west-2 \
--publish

aws lambda update-function-code \

--function-name HelloCouchbaseLambda \

--zip-file fileb:///Users/arungupta/workspaces/serverless/aws/hellocouchbase/hellocouchbase/target/hellocouchbase-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar \

--region us-west-2 \

--publish

Shows the result:

{
    "CodeSha256": "w510ejw/OoVsQt2JiLG2bPZPAaFvQCRrYYYlQWctCQE=", 
    "FunctionName": "HelloCouchbaseLambda", 
    "CodeSize": 6978108, 
    "MemorySize": 1024, 
    "FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:<account-id>:function:HelloCouchbaseLambda:8", 
    "Environment": {
        "Variables": {
            "COUCHBASE_HOST": "ec2-35-165-249-235.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com"
        }
    }, 
    "Version": "8", 
    "Role": "arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:role/service-role/myLambdaRole", 
    "Timeout": 30, 
    "LastModified": "2016-12-25T04:17:38.717+0000", 
    "Handler": "org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.HelloCouchbaseLambda", 
    "Runtime": "java8", 
    "Description": "Java Hello Couchbase"
}

{

"CodeSha256": "w510ejw/OoVsQt2JiLG2bPZPAaFvQCRrYYYlQWctCQE=",

"FunctionName": "HelloCouchbaseLambda",

"CodeSize": 6978108,

"MemorySize": 1024,

"FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:<account-id>:function:HelloCouchbaseLambda:8",

"Environment": {

"Variables": {

"COUCHBASE_HOST": "ec2-35-165-249-235.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com"

}

"Version": "8",

"Role": "arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:role/service-role/myLambdaRole",

"Timeout": 30,

"LastModified": "2016-12-25T04:17:38.717+0000",

"Handler": "org.sample.serverless.aws.couchbase.HelloCouchbaseLambda",

"Runtime": "java8",

"Description": "Java Hello Couchbase"

}

The function can then be invoked again.

During writing of this blog, this was often used to debug the function as well. This is because Lambda functions do not have any state or box associated with them. And so you cannot log in to a box to check out if the function did not deploy correctly. You can certainly use CloudWatch log statements once the function is working.

AWS Lambda References

Serverless Architectures
AWS Lambda: How it works
Couchbase Server Docs
Couchbase Forums
Follow us at @couchbasedev

Source: https://blog.couchbase.com/2016/december/serverless-faas-aws-lambda-java

Kubernetes Monitoring with Heapster, InfluxDB and Grafana

December 2, 2016containers, couchbasecouchbase, kubernetes, loggingarungupta

Kubernetes provides detailed insights about resource usage in the cluster. This is enabled by using Heapster, cAdvisor, InfluxDB and Grafana.

Heapster is installed as a cluster-wide pod. It gathers monitoring and events data for all pods on each node by talking to the Kubelet. Kubelet itself fetches this data from cAdvisor. This data is persisted in InfluxDB and then visualized using Grafana.

Resource Usage Monitoring provide more details about monitoring resources in Kubernetes.

Heapster, InfluxDB and Grafana are Kubernetes addons. They are enabled by default if you are running the cluster on Amazon Web Services or Google Cloud. But need to be explicitly enabled if the cluster is started using minikube or kops addons.

Start a Kubernetes cluster on Amazon Web Services as:

KUBERNETES_PROVIDER=aws; kube-up.sh

More details about starting a Kubernetes cluster are available at Getting Started with Kubernetes 1.4.

By default, it creates a 4-node Kubernetes cluster in us-west-2a region. More details about the cluster can be seen using the command kubectl cluster-info and it shows the results as:

Kubernetes master is running at https://35.165.6.91
Elasticsearch is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging
Heapster is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/heapster
Kibana is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kibana-logging
KubeDNS is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns
kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
Grafana is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana
InfluxDB is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Kubernetes master is running at https://35.165.6.91

Elasticsearch is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging

Heapster is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/heapster

Kibana is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kibana-logging

KubeDNS is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns

kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard

Grafana is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana

InfluxDB is running at https://35.165.6.91/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-influxdb

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Note the URL for the Grafana service. Open this URL in a browser window. You’ll be prompted for an invalid certificate warning but this can be safely ignored at this time. In production system, appropriate certificates should be installed.

Then you’ll be prompted for credentials. These can be obtained using kubectl config view command. It will show the output as:

- name: aws_kubernetes-basic-auth
  user:
    password: ZeH4JpQzAtGDEBdb
    username: admin

- name: aws_kubernetes-basic-auth

user:

password: ZeH4JpQzAtGDEBdb

username: admin

Use the value from username and password fields.

This shows the default dashboard:

kubernetes-grafana-empty-dashboard

It consists of two dashboards – one for cluster and another for pods.

For this blog, a 4-node Couchbase cluster was created following the steps outlined in Create a Couchbase Cluster using Kubernetes.

A cluster-wide dashboard shows CPU, Memory, Filesystem and Network usage across all the hosts and looks like:

CPU, memory, filesystem and network usage for all nodes may be seen:

kubernetes-grafana-cluster-per-node

Details for each node may be seen by selecting the node:

kubernetes-grafana-cluster-nodelist

CPU, memory, filesystem and network usage for each node is displayed:

kubernetes-grafana-cluster-one-node

Pods dashboard shows CPU, memory, filesystem and network usage for each pod:

A different pod may be chosen:

A complete list of all services running in the Kubernetes can be seen using kubectl get services --all-namespaces command. It shows the output as:

kubectl.sh get svc --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP        PORT(S)             AGE
default       couchbase-master-service   10.0.70.206    aef06961eb8f3...   8091/TCP            1h
default       kubernetes                 10.0.0.1       <none>             443/TCP             1h
kube-system   elasticsearch-logging      10.0.54.112    <none>             9200/TCP            1h
kube-system   heapster                   10.0.146.18    <none>             80/TCP              1h
kube-system   kibana-logging             10.0.123.37    <none>             5601/TCP            1h
kube-system   kube-dns                   10.0.0.10      <none>             53/UDP,53/TCP       1h
kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard       10.0.146.179   <none>             80/TCP              1h
kube-system   monitoring-grafana         10.0.33.81     <none>             80/TCP              1h
kube-system   monitoring-influxdb        10.0.26.251    <none>             8083/TCP,8086/TCP   1h

kubectl.sh get svc --all-namespaces

NAMESPACE NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

default couchbase-master-service 10.0.70.206 aef06961eb8f3... 8091/TCP 1h

default kubernetes 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1h

kube-system elasticsearch-logging 10.0.54.112 <none> 9200/TCP 1h

kube-system heapster 10.0.146.18 <none> 80/TCP 1h

kube-system kibana-logging 10.0.123.37 <none> 5601/TCP 1h

kube-system kube-dns 10.0.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 1h

kube-system kubernetes-dashboard 10.0.146.179 <none> 80/TCP 1h

kube-system monitoring-grafana 10.0.33.81 <none> 80/TCP 1h

kube-system monitoring-influxdb 10.0.26.251 <none> 8083/TCP,8086/TCP 1h

A complete list of all the pods running in the Kubernetes cluster can be seen using kubectl get pods --all-namespaces. It shows the output as:

kubectl.sh get pods --all-namespaces NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE default couchbase-master-rc-q9awd 1/1 Running 17 56m default couchbase-worker-rc-b1qkc 1/1 Running 15 54m default couchbase-worker-rc-j1c5z 1/1 Running 17 52m default couchbase-worker-rc-ju7z3 1/1 Running 15 52m kube-system elasticsearch-logging-v1-18ylh 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system elasticsearch-logging-v1-fupap 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch-ip-172-20-0-94.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch-ip-172-20-0-95.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch-ip-172-20-0-96.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 15 1h kube-system fluentd-elasticsearch-ip-172-20-0-97.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 17 1h kube-system heapster-v1.2.0-1374379659-jms8e 4/4 Running 0 1h kube-system kibana-logging-v1-fcg4b 1/1 Running 3 1h kube-system kube-dns-v20-wpip4 3/3 Running 0 1h kube-system kube-proxy-ip-172-20-0-94.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system kube-proxy-ip-172-20-0-95.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system kube-proxy-ip-172-20-0-96.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 15 1h kube-system kube-proxy-ip-172-20-0-97.us-west-2.compute.internal 1/1 Running 17 1h kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-v1.4.0-yxxgx 1/1 Running 0 1h kube-system monitoring-influxdb-grafana-v4-7asy4 2/2 Running 0 1h

Some references:

Kubernetes Resource Monitoring
Couchbase Cluster using Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, DC/OS and Amazon ECS
Follow us @couchbasedev

Source: blog.couchbase.com/2016/december/kubernetes-monitoring-heapster-influxdb-grafana

Miles to go 4.0 …

Arun Gupta is a technology enthusiast, avid runner, author of a best-selling book, globe trotter, a community guy, Java Champion, JavaOne Rockstar, JUG Leader, Minecraft Modder, NetBeans Dream Teamer, Devoxx4Kids-er, Docker Captain and works at AWS.

Monthly Archives: December 2016

Microservice using AWS API Gateway, AWS Lambda and Couchbase

Create IAM Role

Create Lambda Functions

API Gateway Resource

API Gateway POST Method

API Gateway GET Method

API Gateway and Lambda References

AWS IoT Button, Lambda and Couchbase

Configure IoT Button

Use IoT Button as Trigger for Lambda Function

Test IoT Button

References

Serverless FaaS with AWS Lambda and Java

What is Serverless Architecture?

How is FaaS different from PaaS?

What is AWS Lambda?

Java Application for AWS Lambda

Create AWS Lambda Deployment Package

Create AWS Lambda Function

Test AWS Lambda Function

Update AWS Lambda Function

AWS Lambda References

Kubernetes Monitoring with Heapster, InfluxDB and Grafana