Miles to go …

This Tip Of The Day (TOTD) will explain how to install Oracle Database 10g on Mac OS X.

The official documentation is available here and is very well suited for folks with lots of time and patience. But all I wanted was to install Oracle database server up & running on my localhost so that I can start experimenting with it. All my previous entries have used either JavaDB or MySQL so far, but it’s about time

I started preparing a brief tutorial after following the lengthy documentation but then found this excellent blog entry. And realized the content is looking exactly similar Anyway, below are the instructions I followed and additionally also provide a snapshot of the installer windows.

For the brave of heart, complete installation guide is available in HTML and PDF. Read on for an abbreviated, and yet working version, of the instructions.

1. Download Oracle database 10g R2 (10.2.0.4.0) from here and unzip.
2. Check hardware/software requirements. (10.5.4+ required)
3. Create required groups/users (complete details):
4. 1. Create Oracle inventory group as:

      # dscl . -create /groups/oinstall
      # dscl . -append /groups/oinstall gid 100
      # dscl . -append /groups/oinstall passwd "*"
      

   2. Create Oracle software owner as:

      # dscl . -create /users/oracle
      # dscl . -append /users/oracle uid uid_number
      # dscl . -append /users/oracle gid oinstall_gid
      # dscl . -append /users/oracle shell /bin/bash
      # dscl . -append /users/oracle home /Users/oracle
      # dscl . -append /users/oracle realname "Oracle software owner"
      

   3. Create the home directory for Oracle user as:

      # mkdir /Users/oracle
      # chown oracle:oinstall /Users/oracle
      

   4. Set the password for Oracle user:

      # passwd oracle
      

5. Configure kernel parameters (complete details) by editing "/etc/sysctl.conf" and adding the contents:

   kern.sysv.semmsl=87381
   kern.sysv.semmns=87381
   kern.sysv.semmni=87381
   kern.sysv.semmnu=87381
   kern.sysv.semume=10
   kernel.shmall=2097152
   kernel.sys.shmmax=2147483648
   kernel.sys.shmmni=4096
   kern.maxfiles=65536
   kern.maxfilesperproc=65536
   net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024
   net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65000
   kern.corefile=core
   kern.maxproc=2068
   kern.maxprocperuid=2068
   

   and reboot the machine for these parameters to take effect.

6. Configure Oracle user’s environment (complete details).  In the "oracle" user’s home directory, create ".bash_profile" and add the following lines:

   export DISPLAY=:0.0
   export ORACLE_BASE=$HOME
   export ORACLE_SID=orcl
   umask 022
   ulimit -Hn 65536
   ulimit -Sn 65536
   

7. The "Basic Installation" of "Standard Edition" in an "Interactive" mode can be performed using the "Oracle Universal Installer". This installer is invoked using the script "db/Disk01/runInstaller" (complete details). The screen snapshots are shown below:

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   Choose "oracle" as the database password for simplicity.

   

   

   and finally click on "Install" to begin the installation.

   

   

   

   

   Click on "Password Management…" to unlock the sample database user …

   

   

   The output of these scripts look like:

   ~ > sudo /Users/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
   Changing permissions of /Users/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
   Changing groupname of /Users/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
   The execution of the script is complete

   and
   

   ~ > sudo /Users/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
   Running Oracle 10g root.sh script ...
   
   The following environment variables are set as:
        ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
        ORACLE_HOME= /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
   Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
       Copying dbhome /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Creating /etc/oratab file...
   Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
   Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
   Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
   Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

   

   Click on "Installed Products…" to see the list of Oracle products installed.

   

8. There are some more steps before you can start the Oracle listener process.
   1. Edit ".bash_profile" of "oracle" user and add the following settings:

      export ORACLE_HOME=/Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
      export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
      export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

      Not setting DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH gives the following error:

      ~ oracle$ lsnrctl start
      dyld: Library not loaded: /b/227/network/lib/libnnz10.dylib
        Referenced from: /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl
        Reason: image not found
      Trace/BPT trap

      This was not obvious but Googling helped. Make sure to relogin for these changes to take effect.

   2. If your Mac is using DHCP (most likely) then you may see the error shown below:

      ~ oracle$ lsnrctl start
      
      LSNRCTL for MacOS X Server: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-SEP-2009 14:48:49
      
      Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
      
      Starting /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
      
      TNSLSNR for MacOS X Server: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
      System parameter file is /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
      Log messages written to /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
      Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
      Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dhcp-usca14-133-197.SFBay.Sun.COM)(PORT=1521)))
      TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
       TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
        TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
         MacOS X Server Error: 49: Can't assign requested address
      
      Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

      This error occurs because your MacBook may be running on a different IP address if rebooted after the installation and before starting the server. Fortunately, the error message is very intuitive and it’s easy to fix the error by editing "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora" as shown below:

      # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
      # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
      
      SID_LIST_LISTENER =
        (SID_LIST =
          (SID_DESC =
            (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
            (ORACLE_HOME = /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
            (PROGRAM = extproc)
          )
          (SID_DESC =
            (SID_NAME = orcl)
            (ORACLE_HOME = /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
          )
        )
      
      LISTENER =
        (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
          (DESCRIPTION =
            (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
            (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
          )
        )
      

      The changes are highlighted in the bold. Basically, add a new SID referring to "orcl". And for DHCP users the value of HOST key needs to be changed from dynamically assigned IP address to "localhost". Strangely, the Installing on DHCP Computers section of the installation guide says nothing about it

   3. Additionally, for DHCP users, you need to change "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora" as:

      # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
      # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
      
      ORCL =
        (DESCRIPTION =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
          (CONNECT_DATA =
            (SERVER = DEDICATED)
            (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
          )
        )

      The changes are highlighted in bold. And here as well change the value of HOST key to "localhost".

9. And finally, start the database using SQL*Plus as:

   ~ oracle$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   
   SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Sep 28 17:44:40 2009
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
   Connected to an idle instance.
   
   SQL> startup nomount
   ORACLE instance started.
   
   Total System Global Area  612368384 bytes
   Fixed Size                  2085872 bytes
   Variable Size             167775248 bytes
   Database Buffers          436207616 bytes
   Redo Buffers                6299648 bytes
   SQL> alter database mount;
   
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   
   SQL> ALTER USER HR IDENTIFIED BY hr ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
   User altered.
   
   SQL> exit
   Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

   The last step of unlocking the account should not be required because we explicitly unlocked the account during installation but that apparently didn’t work. And I hit ORA-01033, ORA-01034, ORA-12514, ORA-12541, ORA-12547, and ORA-27101 trying different combinations to get the app working.

   Anyway now re-connect to the HR sample database as:

   
   ~ oracle$ sqlplus hr/hr@orcl
   
   SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Sep 28 17:46:19 2009
   
   Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
   
   Connected to:
   Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
   
   SQL> select table_name from user_tables;
   TABLE_NAME
   ------------------------------
   REGIONS
   LOCATIONS
   DEPARTMENTS
   JOBS
   COUNTRIES
   EMPLOYEES
   JOB_HISTORY
   
   7 rows selected.
   
   SQL> desc regions;
    Name                                      Null?    Type
    ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
    REGION_ID                                 NOT NULL NUMBER
    REGION_NAME                                        VARCHAR2(25)
   
   SQL> select * from regions;
    REGION_ID REGION_NAME
   ---------- -------------------------
            1 Europe
            2 Americas
            3 Asia
            4 Middle East and Africa
   

   Note: If the database is not shutdown properly then it can be forced to do so using the command "shutdown abort" using SQL*Plus.

A complete archive of all the tips is available here.

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